ABSTRACT
The primary causal factor for periodontitis is bacteria, but the extent and severity of periodontal lesions can be influenced by environmental factors, acquired diseases, and genetic predisposition. Genetic polymorphisms for IL-1 beta have been proposed as potential genetic marker for periodontal disease susceptibility. To investigate the association of one of the IL-1 beta gene polymorphisms with aggressive periodontitis. The study was performed on a total of 50 individuals that were divided into 3 groups; healthy control group [HC] with clinically healthy periodontium, diseased control group suffering from chronic periodontitis [CP] and patients group suffering from aggressive periodontitis [AgP]. Patients and healthy controls received a full-mouth periodontal examination. Venous blood was taken by standard venipuncture and placed into EDTA-containing tube for DNA extraction and amplification by RFLP-PCR technique. The amplification products were subjected to digestion with Taq I restriction endonuclease enzyme. The resulting fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by ethidium bromide staining and UV light. The present study showed that the prevalence of the IL-1 beta positive genotype 1,1 at position+3953 was higher in AgP patients [75%] than in CP [40%] and HC [30%]. By estimating the OR for genotype 1, 1 of AgP and both CP and HC, it was found that it is more likely to develop AgP approximately 4.5 times than CP and approximately 7 times than HC. Thus, there was sufficient evidence to conclude that there is an association between the genotype 1,1 and AgP. These results suggested that this cytokine might predict and be associated with progressive inflammation and attachment loss as IL-1 plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory cascade of the immune response to microbial challenge and can induce several events associated with tissue destruction. From this we could support the association between IL-beta gene polymorphism and aggressive periodontitis. Hence IL-1 beta gene could be used as a genetic marker for early diagnosis of patients at risk